Andrographis paniculata: India’s antiviral and immune-boosting answer to rare disease therapeutics

India’s phytopharmaceutical industry, built on vast biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices, has spotlighted Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), known for its potential in rare disease treatment. Traditionally used in Ayurveda and Southeast Asian medicine for ailments like fever, malaria, and diarrhea, Andrographis paniculata contains andrographolide—a bioactive compound with antiinflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. Andrographolide’s immune-modulating, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, protozoacidal, and antithrombotic effects render it valuable for synthetic pharmaceutical applications, particularly in autoimmune and tropical diseases, as well as cancer therapies. This article explores Andrographis paniculata’s journey from traditional use to advanced therapeutic applications, emphasizing pharmacological benefits, rare disease potential, and sustainable cultivation. Challenges such as clinical trials, safety, and intellectual property are also considered, with India positioned as a leader in phytopharmaceutical innovation.