Berberine: Leveraging a potent phytochemical for advancing India’s therapeutic innovations

Berberine, a quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plant Coptis chinensis, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties that position it as a promising candidate for treating numerous health conditions, including cancer, digestive disorders, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological ailments. In digestive health, berberine enhances the intestinal epithelial barrier, inhibits pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori, and mitigates liver injury. Its anticancer effects are compelling, as it inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, berberine regulates glycometabolism and lipid metabolism, promoting weight loss. Cardiovascular benefits include improved hemodynamic function, reduced hypertension, and prevention of atherosclerosis, supported by its ability to enhance endothelial function. Furthermore, its neuroprotective effects, characterized by antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-ischemic properties. Overall, while extensive research has explored berberine's mechanisms and therapeutic applications, much remains to be understood, emphasizing its potential as a versatile therapeutic agent for managing chronic cardiometabolic disorders.