Inflammation in focus: Lifestyle, diet, and pharmacological interventions

Inflammation is a versatile physiological reaction critical for host defense and tissue repair, but when deregulated, it contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. In this review, inflammation is investigated from an integrative perspective, with particular focus on how lifestyle, diet, and pharmacological interventions affect inflammatory processes. Acute and chronic inflammations are covered with importance on precipitating factors like infections, trauma, autoimmune diseases, malnutrition, and psychological stress. It is revealed that lifestyle factors like exercise regularly, good sleep, stress management, and abstinence from alcohol and tobacco play a significant role in modulating inflammatory pathways. In addition, immune function is well-regulated by dietary interventions like the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, as well as by certain antiinflammatory foods. Common pharmacological therapies applied in the clinical management are also discussed here. Extensive work for the suppression of inflammation and overall well-being is provided by the knowledge of the synergy of diet, lifestyle, and pharmacology.