Eco-architecting the drug lifecycle: Green engineering and circular design in modern pharmaceutics

The pharmaceutical business is under unprecedented pressure to reduce its environmental impact while upholding strict requirements for product efficacy, safety, and quality. This article traces the lifecycle of a drug product from green molecule design through eco-friendly manufacturing and packaging to responsible disposal, examining the paradigm change toward sustainable pharmaceutical technologies. The industry may move toward a net-zero future by incorporating Green Chemistry concepts, cutting-edge engineering like continuous manufacturing, biodegradable packaging materials, and circular economy waste management techniques.