Role of green nanocarriers in delivering microbiome-Balancing therapeutics against dysbiosis

The microbiome inhabiting the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) known as the gut-microbiome, is crucial for sustaining metabolic, immunological and neurological balance. The microbiome cells exceed the human host cells by a factor of 10. Contemporary lifestyle, exposure to antibiotics, environmental toxins lead to disruption of a healthy balance of gut microbes resulting in dysbiosis related diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, atopy, obesity, type 2 diabetes, neuroinflammation and related disorders like anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's disease. Conventional approaches including antioxidant supplements, dietary probiotics, and prebiotics encounter inadequate intestinal transport, low bioavailability, and poor stability. Recent research has revealed that green nanocarriers are a viable and biocompatible choice for gut-targeted delivery. Originating from naturally occurring materials have enhanced gastrointestinal stability, exceptional biodegradability, and minimal toxicity. This review highlights the current progress and potential of green nanocarriers in delivering microbiome-balancing therapeutics. Emerging evidence supports their promise as eco-friendly, precision-targeted platforms capable of re-establishing eubiosis with minimal systemic toxicity.