A Review: Inorganic Nanoparticles in Bone Targeted Drug Delivery System

Out of various strategies, advancement in the field of nanotechnology has reformed traditional therapies by improving the effectiveness of drug delivery strategies (1). Out of various strategies, nanoparticles (NPs) appear as promising resources for diagnoses and treatments (2). Human tissues comprise of structures at the nanoscale thus, nanomaterials (ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size) have the advantage of size similarity to interact with and modulate biological components (1,3). Because of their small size, shape, and surface properties, the NPs have gained interest in targeted delivery, contrast imaging, combination therapies, tissue engineering, bone and dental repair, and hyperthermia (4,5,6). NPs offer advantages such as; increased drug-loading capacity with large surface area, increased drug solubility in conjugation with delivery vehicles, increased drug stability by providing a protective shield to increase drug retention time, targeted delivery and reduced systemic adverse effects on other tissues or organs, it mimics the bone structure thus allowing the drug to pass through bloodbone marrow barrier, and can be designed to provide immediate bone strength to the diseased bone before the drug is released (7,8).