Bone Disease: Recent Approach and Future Perspectives in Bone Targeted Nanoparticles

Bone is one of the most important organs of the human body which sustains and protects other organs, produces blood cells, and regulates hormones (1). It is composed of a matrix that includes proteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and lipids, and a mineral phase, generally known as hydroxyapatite(2). Besides the mineral and protein component, cells, macromolecules, and blood vessels could also be found in bone. Bone diseases encompass a variety of skeletal-related disorders, and can be dividedinto subclasses including genetic, metabolic, degenerative, traumatic, malignant (metastatic and primary), and myeloma-related disorders. Bone disorders and their potential complications have a major impact on an individual’s life, causing disability and reduced quality of life (3).