The menopausaltransition and metabolic disruptions: Unraveling the role of estrogen decline

Menopause associated estrogen decline presents the interplay of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis and estrogen leading to loss of estrogen’s protective effects causing significant metabolic challenges marked by glucose homeostasis dysregulation, insulin resistance leading to obesity, increased cardiovascular disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Managing these metabolic disruptions require a comprehensive approach using insulin sensitizers, lipid lowering agents, hormone replacement therapy along with the lifestyle modifications involving a wellbalanced diet with regular physical activity. While these approaches mitigate these effects, treatment strategies to address concerns regarding the long term safety of the current approaches can improve women’s health during this transition